1. Step: the "Customize"window open
Right click on the Desktop, and click Customize in the menu"".

Easy: In just a few steps you have...
2. Step: change desktop icons
In the next window, look on the left of the top of the entry "change desktop icons". There, you can add various symbols, such as the "recycle bin" or the "user files" (= my documents) to the Desktop. After clicking on "Apply" and click "OK" to see the icons back on the Desktop.

...Your icons back on the Desktop